About the Journal Kiru is a specialized scientific journal in the field of dentistry, published quarterly by the Faculty of Dentistry of Universidad de San Martín de Porres (USMP), Lima, Peru. The journal accepts original and unpublished contributions such as original research articles, review articles, clinical case reports, opinion papers, and letters to the editor. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed by national or international experts in the relevant subject areas, with recognized experience in scientific publishing. The review process takes approximately two months. Kiru is indexed or registered in the following databases: DOAJ, REDIB, LILACS, LIPECS, CROSSREF, EBSCOhost, LATINDEX Catalog 2.0, MIAR, BVS, ROAD, CONCYTEC Virtual Library, REPEBIS, SIBUS, SISBI, BASE, and Google Scholar. The journal Kiru adheres to the ethical policies and standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and supports the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA). Manuscripts may be submitted through the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform of Kiru at the following link: https://portalrevistas.aulavirtualusmp.pe/index.php/Rev-Kiru0/about/submissions or via email at: kiru_odontologia@usmp.pe
Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Odontología.
Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista. Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista. Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) posterior al proceso de aprobación del manuscrito, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada.
Presentation of an unusual sized peripheral cement-ossifying fibroma: case report
Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a benign reactive gingival lesion, commonly associated with chronic local irritants and with a predilection for young women. Although it typically appears as a small, asymptomatic, and slow-growing mass, atypical presentations with larger size and aggressive behavior have been reported. Definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological analysis, and the treatment of choice is complete surgical excision along with the removal of local etiological factors to minimize recurrence risk. This article reports the case of a 34-year-old female patient with a large (10 × 5 cm), rapidly growing mandibular PCOF that caused facial asymmetry, tongue displacement, functional impairment, and bone involvement. The lesion was successfully treated through surgery under general anesthesia, with favorable postoperative recovery. This case highlights an uncommon presentation of PCOF and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and wide surgical management in atypical clinical forms.
Cemento-ossifying Fibroma; Chronic Disease; Fibroma; Diagnosis; Oral Surgery
Copyright (c) 2025 Melina Barbieri , Jeremías Román, Sebastian Miguelez , Jonathan Bavaro, Christian Oscar Mosca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Probiotics in endodontics as a biotherapeutic alternative: review of the literature
Probiotic therapy in endodontics emerges as a promising biotherapeutic strategy to modulate the microbiota of the root canal system, prevent microbial recolonization, and promote pulp-periapical health. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, have demonstrated antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, in addition to competing for nutrients and adhesion sites against endodontic pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The reviewed evidence includes in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, highlighting the ability of strains such as Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium species to inhibit pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm phases, with efficacy comparable to traditional irrigants and intracanal medication but with lower cytotoxicity. Additionally, bacterial metabolites have been observed to enhance the action of conventional antimicrobials or act independently. However, variability in efficacy among strains, delivery vehicles, and experimental conditions underscores the need to standardize protocols and validate their application in clinical contexts. This review concludes that probiotics and their metabolites represent a biosafe and sustainable alternative, with the potential to complement or partially replace antimicrobial agents in endodontic practice.
Biological Therapy; Probiotics; Endodontics; Lactobacillus; Root Canal Therapy
Copyright (c) 2025 Jormany Quintero-Rojas , Angélica Sivira, Elaysa Salas-Osorio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tomographic evaluation of the internal root anatomy of mandibular first molars of patients who attended a university health center in Peru
Objectives: To determine the number of canals, internal anatomy and bilaterality of anatomical variations of permanent mandibular first molars using the Zhang and Melton classification with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A total of 244 tomographic images of mandibular first molars from 122 patients were included. Sex, number of roots, number and location/configuration of canals, bilaterality, and presence of C-shaped canals according to the Zhang and Melton classifications, respectively, were recorded. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis. Results: 95.1% of molars presented 2 roots and 4.9% presented 3 roots. 75.4% of molars presented 3 canals, 15.6% presented 2 canals, and 9% presented 4 canals. Regarding Zhang's classification, 73.8% were variant 3, 15.6% variant 1, 5.7% variant 4, 3.3% variant 6, and 1.6% variant 5. As for bilaterality, 86.8% were bilateral and 13.2% unilateral. No molar presented a C-shaped canal. There was no significant difference regarding sex; however, there was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the prevalence of bilaterality. Conclusions: According to Zhang's classification, variant 3 (2 mesial canals and 1 distal canal) is the most frequent; however, it is essential to consider that variant 1 (1 mesial canal and 1 distal canal) and the presence of 4 canals (variants 4 and 6) are not uncommon. These findings emphasize the importance of knowledge of the various morphological configurations to consider during endodontic treatment.
Molar Tooth; Anatomy; Endodontics; Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Copyright (c) 2025 Norah Isabel Lacherre Faccio , Santiago Amadeo Quijano Ortiz , Ximena Alejandra León Ríos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Characterization of pediatric mandibular fractures and their clinical management. Scoping review
Objectives: Mandibular fractures in pediatric patients are relatively rare; however, understanding their characteristics enables early detection and appropriate referral, preventing complications and reducing costs for both public health and the patient. The objective of this research was to characterize pediatric mandibular fractures and their clinical management through a scoping review. Materials and Methods: The study was based on the Arksey and O’Malley method, verified using PRISMA-ScR. An electronic search for available evidence in English and Spanish was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO using the terms “mandible fracture” AND “pediatric.” Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were considered. Results: The search yielded 62 studies; duplicates were removed using the Rayyan artificial intelligence tool, resulting in 56 studies. After filtering by title and abstract, 29 articles were selected, and following a full-text review, 25 articles were included. Conclusions: The most common causes of pediatric mandibular fractures are motor vehicle accidents and sports- and play-related trauma, with males being the most affected demographic. The most frequently affected areas were the condyle and mandibular symphysis. A conservative management approach is generally preferred; however, the treatment strategy depends on factors such as age, displacement, and potential impact on growth and development. Although pediatric mandibular fractures are less common, their diagnosis and management should not be underestimated due to long-term complications. Conservative treatment is preferred, but it should always be tailored to the individual patient's needs.
Mandibular Fractures; Pediatrics; Maxillofacial Development; Maxillofacial Injuries; Closed Fracture Reduction
Copyright (c) 2025 Consuelo Garcia Fuster , Ignacio Sanino Zavala, Gabriela Montero Soto, Daniela Costela Miranda, Melany Forton Donoso , Rodrigo Quitral Argandoña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the bond strength of different intraradicular posts in endodontically treated teeth
Objectives: The reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth with significant coronal destruction often requires the use of posts. This study evaluated the bond strength of four intraradicular post systems in different root regions using a push-out test: conventional fiberglass, CAD/CAM fiberglass, Splendor SAP, and anatomical posts. Materials and Methods: Nineteen single-rooted premolars were treated endodontically and divided into four groups. The posts were cemented with dual self-adhesive resin cement and then sectioned into 1 mm slices for push-out testing. Results: The cervical region had a higher bond strength than middle and apical thirds. Conventional fiberglass posts presented higher resistance than anatomical posts (p=0.048). Conclusions: These results confirm that cervical thirds present the best bonding conditions and that conventional fiberglass posts outperform the anatomical ones.
Dental Pins; Resin Cements; Post and Core Technique; CAD/CAM; Endodontics
Copyright (c) 2025 François Isnaldo Dias Caldeira , Guilherme Vieira Luvisoto Belotto , Arthur Francia Maia Athadeu, Barbara Maria de Souza Moreira Machado , Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira Capote, André Gustavo Gustavo Paleari , Larissa Santana Rodriguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Excellence in dentistry: among technique, the person, and ethics
Copyright (c) 2025 Lluís Giner-Tarrida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Me dirijo a usted para expresarle mi sincero reconocimiento por la evolución escritural de los artículos científicos publicados actualmente en la revista "Kiru", Órgano Oficial de la Universidad San Martín de Porres - Perú. Es un placer observar como la revista está ofreciendo contenido relevante con calidad escritural para el público objetivo de este órgano editorial
Johana Maldonado-Villamizar Johana Maldonado-Villamizar
Copyright (c) 2023 Johana Maldonado-Villamizar Johana Maldonado-Villamizar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Building Science: The Foundation of a Solid Protocol
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Cartes-Velásquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of the writing process in adapting scientific articles in dentistry
Writing as the sole tool used by humans is defined as the identification of a set of statements that make complete sense and are linked together to form a communicative text. This text becomes an extension of the discursive, psychological, cultural, and social component of humanity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Johana Maldonado–Villamizar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tooth extraction and immediate implant placed in infected socket with 3 years follow-up. Case report
The immediate placement of dental implants post-extraction is a controversial technique due to the potential risk of failure, which is further exacerbated when performed in infected sockets. This study describes a case involving immediate implant placement following the extraction of a maxillary lateral incisor due to vertical fracture and an infected socket, along with subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation, demonstrating successful outcomes over a 3-year follow-up period. It was concluded that, in this case, osseointegration of the immediate implant in the infected socket was achieved, with favorable aesthetic and functional results up to the 3-year follow-up. Further monitoring is required to determine whether the initial socket pathology has been removed or may affect the implant's long-term performance.
Tooth Loss; Dental Implants; Tooth Injuries; Tooth Socket; Dental Prosthesis
Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Fernando Casco Silva , Nilda Inés Silva Díaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlation of the oral microbiota with the periodontal health: a literature review
The oral microbiota represents a dynamic and complex ecosystem that harbors between 500 and 1500 species of microorganisms, ranking second in diversity within the human organism. This literature review analyzes the relationship between the oral microbiota and periodontal health, examining the factors that influence its balance and the consequences of its disruption. The oral microbiota maintains a symbiotic balance, which is essential for oral health. The imbalance of this ecosystem (dysbiosis) is directly related to periodontal diseases, where Socransky's red complex, particularly the species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, play a fundamental role. Other relevant microorganisms such as Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are also identified. The composition of the oral microbiota can be affected by multiple variables, including ethnicity, genetics, geographic location, age, medication use, socioeconomic status, diet, human habitat, culture, and education. Within the oral cavity, a significant number of microorganisms are hosted, which actively participate in processes such as digestion and defense against pathogens. Additionally, this text explores the concepts of biofilm formation, bacterial equilibrium, and the mechanisms of bacterial action in the oral environment. Recommended probiotics for maintaining a balanced flora are discussed, along with host-related, environmental, pharmacological, and local factors that may disrupt the oral microbiota. Finally, the evolution of the oral microbiota is analyzed in relation to different stages of life, from the prenatal period to older adulthood.
Microbiota; Ecosystem; Bacteria; Dysbiosis; Periodontal Diseases; Symbiosis
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariana Pamela Calle Rodríguez , Carlos Roberto Naula Vicuña , Xavier Bernardo Piedra Sarmiento https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Stability of mandibular advancement with the use of mandibular thrusters: A literature review
The purpose of this review was to gather recent information on the stability of mandibular advancement using mandibular advancement devices. To achieve this, studies published between 2018 and 2024 were reviewed, retrieved from search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Pesquisa, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar. The results indicate that mandibular advancement devices are effective in improving the intermaxillary relationship, correcting dental occlusion, and aligning the mandible in patients with Class II malocclusion. These devices also help alleviate the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea by facilitating airflow through the upper airways. Additionally, some appliances help relieve tension in the masticatory muscles and can improve facial aesthetics by correcting the mandibular position. Among the most commonly used appliances to achieve mandibular advancement are the Herbst appliance, the mandibular advancement appliance, and the anterior mandibular repositioning appliance. To ensure long-term treatment effectiveness, proper appliance adjustment and regular follow-up are essential. In conclusion, although mandibular advancement devices offer significant benefits, their long-term stability depends on proper patient adaptation, consistent monitoring, and precise appliance adjustment. Studies suggest that continuous supervision is crucial to avoid complications and ensure treatment effectiveness over time.
Mandibular Advancement; Orthodontics; Activator Appliances
Copyright (c) 2025 José Angel Arredondo Capa , María Isabel Cabrera Padrón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of e-cigarettes on oral health: chemical components and oral manifestations. Literature review
The global use of electronic cigarettes has increased considerably as an alternative to tobacco; however, their effects on oral health remain uncertain, raising concerns within the scientific community. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the chemical components of electronic cigarettes on oral health by evaluating their potential adverse effects and identifying the main oral conditions associated with their use. A narrative, descriptive literature review was conducted. A total of 67 articles were retrieved from PubMed, 28 from Google Scholar, and 8 from SciELO, resulting in an initial total of 103 articles from the last 5 years, published in Spanish and English. Ultimately, 30 relevant articles were selected. The keywords used included "Electronic Cigarettes", "Oral Health", "Nicotine", "Propylene Glycol", and "Flavoring Agents". The review confirmed that the main chemical components of electronic cigarettes are propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and flavorings. These substances are associated with oral problems such as xerostomia, periodontal disease, dental caries, and lesions in the oral mucosa. This study calls for a reconsideration of the perceived safety of e-cigarettes and emphasizes the need for stronger education and regulation regarding their use. The findings highlight the urgent need for more extensive research on their long-term effects on oral health.
Vaping; E-Cigarette Vapor; Oral Health; Chemical Compounds
Copyright (c) 2025 Bryam Jonnathan Sánchez Barbecho , César Heriberto Juela Moscoso , María Isabel Cabrera Padrón , Gloria Andrade Molina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Grillz and gold teeth modifications: aesthetics, ethics, and clinical implications. Literature review
Dental aesthetics have evolved to include adornments such as grillz and gold teeth. Its popularity of which has raised significant clinical and ethical questions within the dental community. The objective of the review was to analyze the aesthetic, ethical, and clinical implications of dental modifications with grillz and gold teeth in contemporary dental practice. A narrative review was conducted by searching and selecting articles in electronic databases, such as PubMed, and Google Scholar. An advanced search was used with keywords and operators AND and OR. A total of 38 studies were evaluated for this literature review. Most studies indicated that while dental adornments like grillz and gold teeth can have a positive impact on aesthetic perception and self-esteem, they come with adverse consequences for oral health, including cavities, periodontal diseases, complications related to oral hygiene, enamel wear, and allergic reactions to the materials used in these adornments. The findings from this study suggest the importance of a detailed evaluation by dentists before applying dental adornments such as grillz and gold teeth. It is required professionals to inform patients about the potential risks and maintenance associated with these aesthetic devices.
Dental aesthetics; Éthics; Gold; Psychosocial Impact
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Patricia Nugra Sánchez , Nube Nohemí Jara Vergara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between oral microbiota, oral hygiene and dental caries in children with diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health problem, with a total of 463 million people worldwide suffering from it. This figure is expected to reach 578 million by 2030. The objective is to conduct a narrative review and determine the relationship between oral microbiota, oral hygiene and dental caries in children with diabetes mellitus. For the narrative review, a bibliographic search was carried out to select academically certified information from articles extracted from the Scopus database, with a sample of 50 articles organized in the atlas.ti program. Children with DM are more likely to suffer from dental problems such as tooth decay, this may be influenced by a high prevalence of bacteria and poor oral hygiene habits.
Dental Caries; Diabetes Mellitus; Children; Oral Hygiene; Bacteria
Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriel Flores Quiroz , Joaquin García Castillo , Josué Velásquez Gomez , Alejandro Rojas Guiulfo , Joaquin Moreano Cruz , Diego Braga Lopez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nanoparticles in dental biomaterials and their antimicrobial effect. A literature review
The objective of this literature review is to compile evidence on the aggregation of nanoparticles in dental biomaterials and their antimicrobial effect. A systematic search was conducted across academic databases, including SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, applying search filters to select 25 scientific articles published within the last eight years. Inclusion criteria prioritized studies published in Spanish or English since 2016, while excluding non-scientific sources and undated publications. Nanoparticles, particularly silver-based variants, enhance the antimicrobial properties of dental biomaterials, demonstrating efficacy against cariogenic pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans. Their use in dental treatments may mitigate infection risks. Nanoparticles represent a promising approach for developing more resistant and biocompatible biomaterials. Their antimicrobial action could aid in preventing infections in dental procedures. However, further research is required to better understand the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles in the oral environment and their safety in long-term clinical applications.
Biomaterials; Nanoparticles; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Copyright (c) 2025 Elian Illescas , Carlos Andrade , Paola Orellana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial intelligence to improve the diagnosis and treatment in Orthodontics: advances, challenges and perspectives. Literature review
The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on diagnosis and treatment in orthodontics, evaluating its advances, benefits, and challenges through a review of recent scientific literature. A bibliographic review was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using keywords in Spanish and English along with Boolean operators. They were included 42 articles published between 2020 and 2025 that addressed the use of AI in orthodontics, prioritizing studies with scientific and methodological relevance. The implementation of AI in orthodontics has optimized diagnosis and treatment planning through techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), machine learning (ML), and big data-based prediction models. These tools have demonstrated high accuracy in the detection of cephalometric anatomical points, growth analysis, and prediction of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment outcomes. Furthermore, AI has improved clinical decision making, reducing diagnostic time and increasing treatment efficiency. AI has shown high potential to improve diagnosis and treatment in orthodontics, achieving accuracy comparable to that of human experts in identifying anatomical structures and planning treatments. However, its application faces barriers such as lack of standardization, ethical concerns about data privacy, and the need for broader clinical validations. As these challenges should be overcome, AI will establish itself as a key tool in orthodontic practice.
Artificial Intelligence; Diagnosis; Treatment; Orthodontics
Copyright (c) 2025 Pablo Fernando Suquilanda Gualán , Marco Antonio Marín Guamán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors associated with dental caries in children with bronchial asthma aged 24 to 71 months, Lima, Peru
Objectives: To determine the factors associated with dental caries in preschool children with bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: The methodological design of this study was observational, retrospective and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of clinical records of preschool children aged 24 to 71 months, treated at the "Todos los Santos San Borja" Health Center in the district of San Borja, with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma, between 2015 and 2016. The ceo-d index was used to assess the presence of dental caries. Results: A relationship was found between the dental caries index and the number of asthma episodes per year (p=0.044), as well as with the sociodemographic factor age (p=0.020). No significant relationship was found between the dental caries index and brushing frequency (p=0.361), factors related to asthma condition p=0.349, time since diagnosis (p=0.25), duration of medication use (p=0.46), or asthma severity (p=0.567). No relation was observed with sex, parental education level, or household income. Conclusions: The study determined that factors associated with dental caries in children with bronchial asthma include the number of asthma episodes per year and the child´s age.
Dental Caries; Child; Asthma; Child, Preschool; Social Conditions
José Martín Robello Malatto Robello Malatto
Copyright (c) 2025 Milagritos Claudia Acosta Montoya , Hans Rudolf Morgenstern Orezzoli , José Martín Robello Malatto, María Pareja Vásquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bony outgrowths in the stomatognathic system: clinical and sociodemographic characterization in a cross-sectional study
Objectives: To clinically and sociodemographically characterize bony exostoses in the stomatognathic system, identifying their prevalence, anatomical distribution, and potential associated factors such as family history and oral parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using 178 medical records of patients treated between 2020 and 2024 at a private stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery practice in Medellín. Sociodemographic, anatomical, environmental variables, and family history were analyzed. Data collection was performed via a standardized form, followed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Eighty-three percent of patients were female and 17% male, with a mean age of 37 ± 3 years. Forty-five percent originated from the Andean region. Bony exostoses were predominantly located in the mandible (54.7%), followed by the palate (31.3%). The most common associated diagnosis was bruxism (47%). Eighty-one percent of patients reported a family history of bony exostoses. Primary reasons for surgical removal included aesthetic concerns (41%), prosthetic maladaptation (33%), and oral hygiene difficulty (16%). Conclusions: Bony exostoses in the stomatognathic system were more frequent in females and the mandibular region. An association with family history and parafunctional habits such as bruxism was observed, suggesting potential genetic and environmental predisposition. Further studies with a prospective design and genetic-nutritional analysis are required to explore these relationships in greater depth.
Exostoses; Bones; Mandible; Palate, Hard; Hyperostosis
Copyright (c) 2025 Eilien Tovío-Martínez, Eliana Domínguez Romero , Samuel Urbano-Del-Valle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Natural disinfectants against Candida albicans in partial and total dental prostheses
To determinate the efficacy of natural disinfectants against Candida Albicans in partial and total dental prostheses. This is a bibliographic review that focused on the search for scientific articles on disinfection of prostheses by natural methods on Scopus, SciELO and Google scholar databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were selected that met the theoretical characteristics applicable to the research topic. Natural disinfectants such as mint, lemon verbena and thyme eliminate Candida albicans when exposed to concentrations of 50% for 24 hours, oregano is effective in concentrations less than 10% with the same exposure time, while muña demonstrates effectiveness in concentrations greater than 75%. The care and management of a prosthetic device is a priority, since the oral cavity is an ideal environment for the multiplication of microorganisms such as Candida albicans; It has been proven that when using mint, oregano, thyme, lemon verbena and muña with adequate concentrations they equal the action of medications such as fluconazole and doxycycline, limiting the reproduction of Candida albicans.
Disinfectants; Complete Denture; Candida albicans; Efficacy
Copyright (c) 2024 Kevin Michael Guallpa , Klever Oswaldo Santana, Santos Fernando Chamba , Daniela San Martin Andrade, Doris Calderón Alemán, Priscilla Medina-Sotomayor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Management of maxillary first premolars with atypical anatomy, a new proposal for the approach of the cervical tooth region. Report of two cases and a literature review
Anatomical variations of the root canal system are rare, however premolars are the ones that present the most variability compared to other teeth. The aim of this study was to describe the endodontic management of three-rooted first and second maxillary premolars with three independent root canals. The approach was performed under magnification, the instrumentation was hybrid and the obturation was performed with a calcium silicate-based sealant. Several cases of this anatomical variation have been reported, therefore a literature review was also carried out to evaluate the presentation and clinical management. Clinicians should be aware of anatomical aberrations that could become evident during the preoperative and intraoperative treatment. Magnification and cone beam computed tomography will play an important role in the long-term prognosis of these cases.
Anatomic Variation; Retreatment; Root Canal Therapy; Bicuspid
Copyright (c) 2025 Jairo Jhoel Molina Quispe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Minimally invasive approach to the treatment of enamel white spot lesions with infiltrating resins. A report of two cases
Enamel white spot lesions can result from early carious lesions, fluorosis, molar hypomineralization (MH), or trauma-induced hypomineralization. Histologically, these defects exhibit a reduction in the mineral phase and replacement by organic fluids. Such lesions can be managed using a minimally invasive approach with infiltrating resins. These low-viscosity resins can penetrate the lesion body by capillary action, restoring the enamel's natural translucency while simultaneously enhancing the mechanical strength of hypomineralized enamel. The technique involves superficial demineralization to allow access to the lesion through the application of 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl), followed by resin infiltration into the lesion body. Depending on the etiology, extent, and depth of the lesion, the erosion-infiltration protocol may not always be sufficient and might need to be complemented with other techniques to achieve deeper penetration and effectively infiltrate the lesion. This report presents two clinical cases treated with superficial and deep infiltration techniques, the latter combined with microabrasion, to address white spot lesions caused by caries and MH, respectively. Microinfiltration is presented as a conservative and effective method for treating enamel white spot lesions. A precise diagnosis is essential to select the most appropriate approach and ensure predictable outcomes.
Dental Enamel; Dental White Spots; Developmental Defects of Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypomineralization; Enamel Microabrasion
Copyright (c) 2025 Marina Andrea Toscano , Jimena Alejandra Anchava , Karina Alejandra Melian, Silvina Paula Escobar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
3D surgical guide for the resection of vestibular exostoses and mandibular torus: case report
Resection of vestibular exostoses and mandibular tori as a key pre-prosthetic procedure for optimal edentulous rehabilitation. This article reports a case involving the resection of a mandibular torus and vestibular exostoses, emphasizing the use of a 3D-printed surgical guide for enhanced precision. A 49-year-old female patient diagnosed with mandibular tori and vestibular exostoses in the edentulous mandibular region underwent pre-prosthetic surgical treatment. The procedure involved the resection of the mandibular torus and vestibular exostoses, guided by virtual planning. Customized mandibular cutting guides, fabricated using acrylic resin, facilitated precise osteotomy. The use of these patient-specific surgical guides resulted in: reduced surgical time, minimally invasive approach, improved postoperative recovery, preserved mandibular symmetry and fewer surgical complications. At the six-month follow-up, a definitive prosthesis was placed, demonstrating excellent adaptation without soft tissue trauma, ulceration, or displacement. It is concluded that the application of 3D-printed surgical guides in the resection of mandibular tori and vestibular exostoses enables precise bone removal, minimizes surgical invasiveness, and optimizes prosthetic rehabilitation outcomes. This approach enhances surgical predictability, reduces morbidity, and ensures improved long-term patient satisfaction.
Exostoses; Surgery, Oral; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
Mayra Elizabeth Paltas MIranda Mayra Elizabeth Paltas MIranda
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Andrés Degado-Piedra , Elizabeth Adriana Padilla Paltas , David Flores Cuvi, Mayra Elizabeth Paltas MIranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Virulance factors of Enterococcus faecalis: a literature review
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive coccus, its genus represents a significant health risk to humans due to its high proliferative capacity, survival in hostile environments and production of various virulence proteins (hemolysins, bacteriocins, proteases, agglutinins); combined with its resistance to antimicrobials, this pathogen poses a serious concern to healthcare systems. The aim of this bibliographic research was to highlight the virulence factors (VF) of E. faecalis, whose dissemination will facilitate insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the conditions caused by this bacterium. It was found that, at the oral level, E. faecalis is characterized by the formation of resistant biofilms with high adaptability and proliferation rates, leading to considerable infectious episodes that are resistant to treatment with certain antibiotics. Therefore, to control these episodes, appropriate antibiotic therapy, in addition to mechanical treatment, is necessary. It is concluded that the VF of E. faecalis determine the clinical complexity of the infectious conditions caused by its proliferation, and antibiotic sensitivity testing are often required to determine the most effective pharmacological treatment.
Enterococcus faecalis; Virulence; Microbiology; Penicillin antibiotics
Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Patricio Romero Romero , Carlos Fernando Andrade Tacuri, Paola Patricia Orellana Bravo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Endocrown fracture resistance in molars using different CAD/CAM materials: a narrative review of invitro studies
Traditionally, the restoration of endodontically treated posterior teeth with significant coronal structure loss was done with a conventional crown and a core post. With advancements in adhesive techniques, alternative restorative approaches emerged, such as the endocrown, which utilizes the pulp chamber as a macromechanical retentive mean, thereby preserving the maximum amount of remaining dental tissue. Furthermore, a variety of CAD/CAM materials are now increasingly accessible to clinicians. The objective is to know the findings of in vitro studies on molars regarding the fracture resistance of endocrown using different CAD/CAM materials. This narrative review compiled original articles from bibliographic databases including PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar published between 2018 and 2023. It is concluded that lithium disilicate ceramic endocrown demonstrated the highest mean fracture resistance values compared to other groups, while repairable failure modes were observed in polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) and resin-based composite materials.
Flexural Strength; CAD/CAM; Endodontically Treated Teeth
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Mariano Maita-Castañeda , Luis Maita-Véliz, Donald Ramos-Perfecto, Sonia Luque-Peralta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Periodontal disease and uncommon microorganisms
Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of complex subgingival microbial communities, encompassing up to 500 bacterial species, with Socransky’s red complex being particularly notable. However, recent systematic reviews have identified the critical role of other microorganisms in biofilm formation and dental surface colonization, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans, which may also act as significant pathogens within the periodontal context. This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesser-known microorganisms that could play a crucial role in periodontal disease. A descriptive documentary research approach was employed through a narrative bibliographic review, involving searches for scientific articles in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus. Thirty-four articles meeting the established inclusion criteria were selected. The presence of microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans was demonstrated, with their virulence and pathogenesis factors linked to periodontal disease. These were classified as opportunistic periodontopathogens; however, it was not possible to demonstrate that they are precursors of periodontal disease
Staphylococcus aureus; Enterococcus faecalis; Helicobacter pylori; Candida albicans
Copyright (c) 2025 María del Cisne Centeno Dávila , Paola Orellana Bravo , Carlos Andrade Tacuri , Camila Cárdenas Sigüenza , Tatiana Rodríguez Núñez , Jéssica Muyma Pasaca , Daniel Caicedo Luzuriaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of cortical bone thickness according to proinclination in skeletal Class I and Class II
Objectives: To assess the cortical bone thickness of incisors when proclined and normo-positioned according to skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions. Material and Methods: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional and observational. The study population consisted of 1220 pre-orthodontic treatment CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) scans from the archive of the Autonomous University of Nayarit between 2015–2023. The final sample included 76 scans. Inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnostic records containing CBCT scans of patients aged 12–40 years with no prior orthodontic treatment or anterior dental crowding. Incisor positioning was standardized for CBCT measurements. Data recording and descriptive statistics were performed using Microsoft Excel. Student’s t-tests were conducted using StatCalc software. Results: In the maxilla, both in Class I and II, when the incisors were in normal alignment or proclined, the average cortical thickness was greater than 1mm. However, in the mandible in Class II, when the incisors were proclined, most values were less than 1 mm. Conclusions: When dental organs are proclined, the buccal cortical bone is thinner. In skeletal Class II with proclined lower incisors, the buccal cortical bone is thinner (<1 mm). CBCT allows the orthodontist to understand the biological limits within which they can work.
Cortical Bone; Angle Class I; Angle Class II
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Sthefania Sierra-Ruelas , Jaime Fabián Gutiérrez-Rojo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Alveolar preservation with fibrin-rich plasma: clinical effects and radiographic analysis. Case Series
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effects and radiographically analyze the effectiveness of fibrin-rich plasma (FRP) in post-extraction bone preservation in a resource-limited community, considering its potential to mitigate complications and facilitate future rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A case series was conducted in San Vicente Chicoloapan, State of Mexico, analyzing four patients treated with FRP after dental extractions. The protocol included centrifugation of blood at 1300 rpm for 8 minutes to obtain FRP, which was placed in the alveolus after extraction. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed using Handy Dentist software to assess healing, changes in bone height, and density. Results: In all four cases, complete gingival healing was achieved without complications. The case with the longest follow-up showed 97.8% bone preservation at seven months. Radiographically, progressive densification of the treated bone and reduction of inflammation were observed. No infections, dehiscences, or significant postoperative pain were recorded. Conclusions: PRF has proven to be an effective technique for alveolar preservation, highlighting its applicability in economically challenged communities due to its low cost and accessibility. The findings support its use as a viable alternative in clinical practice.
Bone Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Tooth Extraction; Vulnerable Populations
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Alberto Pérez Hernández , Rosa Itzel López Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biomechanical evaluation of implants with different surfaces: analysis of stability coefficient and removal torque in rabbits
Objective: Evaluate the biomechanical behavior of three implant brands with different surfaces by comparing stability parameters during placement and removal. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted with 8 rabbits, in which 21 implants from three different brands were placed: ML Implant System®, Roster Dent®, and Biomet 3i® Osseotite. Seven implants of each brand were placed in each femur, and resonance frequency analysis was performed to measure the initial stability coefficient (initial ISQ). At 60 days, the final stability coefficient of the implants was measured. To measure removal torque, the implants were fixed in a press, and a Mark-10 precision digital torque wrench was used. Implants were removed by reverse rotation, recording the peak removal torque value. Results: Regarding initial-stage stability, the Roster Dent® and ML Implant System® groups showed higher values than the Biomet 3i® group, although differences were not significant (p=0.82). However, the ML Implant System® group showed lower final-stage stability (p=0.04). No statistically significant difference was observed between insertion and removal torque. Intergroup differences in removal torque were also non-significant. Conclusions: The studied implant systems demonstrated similar behavior during biomechanical insertion and removal torque testing. Differences were noted among all brands when comparing initial and final resonance frequency analyses (mechanical stability vs. biological stability). The ML Implant System® group showed a lower ISQ in the final stage.
Dental Implants; Denture Retenction; Torque.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arminda Rodríguez, María Cristina Navarro, Juan Carlos Ibañez, Miriam Silvina Grenón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Uso de la Bioinformática en Odontología para identificar nuevos biomarcadores
Copyright (c) 2025 Francois Isnaldo Dias Caldeira , Yara Fernanda Nicolau Amaral , Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel-Caminaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0