Acute and chronic toxic effects of hydrocarbons on crustaceans of thefamilies palaemonidae and hyalellidae: systematic review

Abstract

Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in
freshwater ecosystems represents a serious environmental problem.
When they enter the water, either by oil spills or industrial
discharges, they adhere to suspended particles, accumulating in
sediments and causing them to be absorbed by aquatic organisms,
such as decapods and amphipods. Therefore, to evaluate the effects of
PAHs on Macrobrachium borelli and Hyalella azteca, a bibliographic
compilation was made considering the axes of hydrocarbon toxicity
and adaptation mechanisms for these pollutants. The results for
decapods indicate a high toxicity for the water-soluble fraction with
diesel, although this does not prevent normal hatching of eggs. For
amphipods, it was found that, according to their mortality, it is a
more sensitive species than other organisms, such as chironomids.
In addition, the sublethal effects due to PAH exposure vary in
the affectation in the size and behavior of the organism, as well as
DNA damage. Finally, the adaptive mechanisms it possesses are not
considered effective for the survival of the species.