Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Growth: Literature Review
Keywords:
Condylar Cartilage, Craneofacial Development, Growth Factors, Botulinum Toxin, Laser.Abstract
The mandibular condylar cartilage is a specialized structure present on the surface of the mandibular condyles. This review of the literature will allow you to get current information about the structure of the mandibular condylar cartilage, the factors that influence the growth of this and review the current studies on the morphological changes that may occur in the cartilage with aging. A systematic review of recent scientific articles was carried out. The results obtained in the Indian review show that the structure of the mandibular condylar cartilage presents four layers, also, the hyaline cartilage that conforms to it, presents mature and hypertrophic chondroblasts even in advanced ages. It offers the possibility that it can be manipulated without considering the age as a limit factor. Studies carried out in Indian animals that the mandibular condylar cartilage can be influenced by factors such as: diet, age, sex, psychological stress, intrinsic factors, application of botulinum toxin and laser. These results establish the basis for future studies for the purpose of implementing potential treatments that can help patients with degenerative processes in the ATM, such as osteoarthritis. In the same way, it is important to promote the realization of new studies focused on the application of botulinum toxin and laser, for functional orthopedic therapies to early ages, to reduce the surgical treatments, to improve the quality and effectiveness of the currently known treatments.
Downloads
References
Enlow D. Essentials of facial growth. 2a. ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Needham Press; 2008.
Graber TR, Petrovic T. A orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic treatment. 5a. ed. Louis: Mosby; 2009.
Enlow DH. Crecimiento facial 3ra ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas, 1993.
Rabie ABM, She TT, Hägg U. Functional appliance therapy accelerates and enhances condylar growth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2003;123(1):40–8.
Sato C, Muramoto T SK. Functional Lateral Deviation of the Mandible and Its Positional Recovery on the Rat Condylar Cartilage During the Growth Period. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(4).
Hinton RJ, Carlson DS. Regulation of growth in mandibular condylar cartilage. Semin Orthod [Internet]. 2005 Dec [cited 2020 Jun 19];11(4):209–18. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1073874605000423
Ferri J, Raoul G, Potier J, Nicot R. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ): Condyle hyperplasia and condylectomy. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac Chir Orale [Internet]. 2016 Sep 1 [cited 2020 Jun 18];117(4):259–65. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2213653316300751
Lewis A B, Roche A F, Wagner B. Growth of the mandible during pubescence. Angle Orthod. 1982; 52(4): 325-42.
Ramirez-Yanez GO, Scott JE. Architecture of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage of Elderly Individuals: A Semiquantitative Light Microscopic Histological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2019 Jul [cited 2020 Jun 20];20(7):768–72. Available from: https://www.thejcdp.com/doi/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2594
Luder HU, Leblond CP, von der Mark K. Cellular stages in cartilage formation as revealed by morphometry, radioautography and type II collagen immunostaining of the mandibular condyle from weanling rats. Am J Anat [Internet]. 1988 Jul [cited 2020 Jun 20];182(3):197–214. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aja.1001820302
Klinge RF. The structure of the mandibular condyle in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). Micron. 1996 Oct 1;27(5):381–7.
Mizoguchi I, Toriya N, Nakao Y. Growth of the mandible and biological characteristics of the mandibular condylar cartilage. Vol. 49, Jpn Dent Sci Rev. Elsevier; 2013. p. 139–50.
Teramoto M, Kaneko S, Shibata S, Yanagishita M, Soma K. Effect of compressive forces on extracellular matrix in rat mandibular condylar cartilage. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 2003 ;21(5):276-286. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-003-0421-y.
Gong C, Wen J, Wang H, Li H. Study of changes in rat mandibular condyle under intermittent cyclic and continuous compressive stress. Arch Oral Biol. 2021 Jan 1;124:105066.
Tiilikainen P, Raustia A, Pirttiniemi P. Effect of diet hardness on mandibular condylar cartilage metabolism. J Orofac Pain. 2011;25(1):68-74.
Uekita H, Takahashi S, Domon T, Yamaguchi T. Changes in collagens and chondrocytes in the temporomandibular joint cartilage in growing rats fed a liquid diet. Ann Anat [Internet]. 2015 Nov 1 [cited 2020 Nov 29];202:78–87. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26434755/
Chen J, Sobue T, Utreja A, Kalajzic Z, Xu M, Kilts T, et al. Sex Differences in Chondrocyte Maturation in the Mandibular Condyle from a Decreased Occlusal Loading Model. Calcif Tissue Int [Internet]. 2011 Aug [cited 2020 Nov 29];89(2):123–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21597908/
Enomoto A, Watahiki J, Nampo T, Irie T, Ichikawa Y, Tachikawa T, et al. Mastication markedly affects mandibular condylar cartilage growth, gene expression, and morphology. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2014;146(3):355–63.
Scheidegger R, Koletsi D, Eliades T. The impact of dietary consistency on structural craniofacial components: Temporomandibular joint/condyle, condylar cartilage, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. A systematic review and meta-analysis in experimental in vivo research. Vol. 94, Archives of Oral Biology. Elsevier Ltd; 2018. p. 33–47.
Abdrabuh A, Baljon K, Alyami Y. Impact of estrogen therapy on temporomandibular joints of rats: Histological and hormone analytical study. Saudi Dent J. 2020 Aug 6;
Ye T, He F, Lu L, Miao H, Sun D, Zhang M, et al. The effect of oestrogen on mandibular condylar cartilage via hypoxia-inducible factor-2α during osteoarthritis development. Bone. 2020 Jan 1;130:115123.
Hattori K. Which cartilage is regenerated, hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage? Non-invasive ultrasonic evaluation of tissue-engineered cartilage. Rheumatology [Internet]. 2004 Jun 8 [cited 2020 Jun 22];43(9):1106–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15199220/
Schmitter M, Essig M, Seneadza V, Balke Z, Schrö Der J, Rammelsberg P. Prevalence of clinical and radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint in an older persons community. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2010 Jan;39:231–4.
Calderon MF, Nucci RAB, de Souza RR. Age-related changes in the articular cartilage of the mandible of rats. Acta Histochem. 2020 Feb 1;122(2):151501.
Jiao K, Dai J, Wang MQ, Niu LN, Yu S bin, Liu XD. Age- and sex-related changes of mandibular condylar cartilage and subchondral bone: A histomorphometric and micro-CT study in rats. Arch Oral Biol. 2010 Feb 1;55(2):155–63.
Li Q, Huang F, Liu J, Zhao YH, Zhang M, Chen YJ. Psychological Stress Alters Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Mandibular Condylar Cartilage. Chin J Dent Res. 2017 Jan 1;20(3):125–35.
Lv X, Li Q, Wu S, Sun J, Zhang M, Chen YJ. Psychological stress alters the ultrastructure and increases IL-1β and TNF-α in mandibular condylar cartilage. Brazilian J Med Biol Res [Internet]. 2012 Oct [cited 2020 Nov 29];45(10):968–76. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3854175/?report=abstract
Shibata S, Amano H, Nagayama M, Takahashi M, Watanabe M, Tanaka M. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evaluation of matrix components in mandibular condylar cartilage in comparison with growth plate cartilage in cartilage calcification insufficient rats. Anat Sci Int. 2020 Jan 1;95(1):54–66.
Romero Peláez CM, Torres Murillo EA, Pinto Parada YA. Crecimiento del cartílago condilar. Una revisión de la literatura. Odontol Sanmarquina. 2018 Jun 20;21(2):131.
Dutra EH, O’ Brien MH, Lima A, Kalajzic Z, Tadinada A, Nanda R, et al. Cellular and Matrix Response of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage to Botulinum Toxin. Serra R, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016 Oct 10 [cited 2021 Feb 20];11(10):e0164599. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164599
Wang Z, Sa G, Wei Z, Dai X, Wan Q, Yang X. Obvious morphologic changes in the mandible and condylar cartilage after triple botulinum toxin injections into the bilateral masseter. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020 Oct 1;158(4):e43–52.
Borges RMM, Cardoso DS, Flores BC, da Luz RD, Machado CR, Cerveira GP, et al. Effects of different photobiomodulation dosimetries on temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Feb 20];33(9):1859–66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29850961/
Okşayan R, Sökücü O, Üçüncü N. The Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Condylar Growth with a Mandibular Advancement Appliance in Rats. Photomed Laser Surg [Internet]. 2015 May 1 [cited 2020 Jul 14];33(5):252–7. Available from: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/pho.2014.3870
Franco WF, Galdino MVB, Capeletti LR, Sberowsky BH, Vieira RA, Figueiredo AC, et al. Photobiomodulation and Mandibular Advancement Modulates Cartilage Thickness and Matrix Deposition in the Mandibular Condyle. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, Laser Surg [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Feb 20];38(1):3–10. Available from: www.liebertpub.com
Liu Y, Zhang H. Low-Level Laser Irradiation Precondition for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy. Photomed Laser Surg [Internet]. 2016 Nov 1 [cited 2021 Feb 20];34(11):572–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27627137/
Fekrazad R, Eslaminejad MB, Shayan AM, Kalhori KAM, Abbas FM, Taghiyar L, et al. Effects of Photobiomodulation and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Articular Cartilage Defects in a Rabbit Model. Photomed Laser Surg [Internet]. 2016 Nov 1 [cited 2021 Feb 20];34(11):543–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27058019/
Seifi M, Maghzi A, Gutknecht N, Mir M, Asna-Ashari M. The effect of 904 nm low level laser on condylar growth in rats. Lasers Med Sci [Internet]. 2010 Jan 24 [cited 2020 Jun 26];25(1):61–5. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10103-009-0651-x
Oksayan R, Sökücü O, Üçüncü N. Histomorphometric evaluation of the effects of mandibular advancement appliance and low level laser therapy (LLLT) with different doses on condylar cartilage and subchondral bone in rats. Int J Morphol. 2020 Apr 1;38(2):252–8.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) posterior al proceso de aprobación del manuscrito, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada.
