Tomographic evaluation of lower second molars with type C configuration in an imaging center in Lima
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/kiru.2024.v21n3.01Keywords:
Endodontics; Classification; Computed Tomography; Anatomy; PrevalenceAbstract
The lower second molar mostly has a C configuration and it is important to know the internal anatomy and classification to have a better clinical approach, so the objective was to evaluate the prevalence and types of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular second molars by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).. Materials and Methods: 150 CTHC images of mandibular second molars were used. The following was recorded: sex, presence of C-shaped canal, location, morphology and type of C configuration according to Fan’s classification, which is divided into C1, C2, C3 (c and d), C4 and C5. The chi- square test was used to analyze the differences between groups (p˂0.05, considered a statistically significant difference). Results: Of the 300 teeth evaluated, 12.6% had C-shaped canals. There were no statistically significant differences between C-shaped canals and sex. This configuration tends to appear bilaterally, however, when it appears unilaterally, we find it mostly on the right. At the level of the pulp chamber floor and middle third, C1 was the most frequent and at the apical level it was C4 for both parts (37 and 47). Conclusions: The prevalence of C-shaped canals is not high. Bilateral appearance is more common than unilateral. Fan’s classification is a complement to Melton’s, since it will help us understand in more detail the morphological changes of this configuration along the root.
Downloads
References
Prada I, Micó-Muñoz P, Giner-Lluesma T, Micó-Martínez P, Collado-Castellano, N Manzano-Saiz A. Influence of microbiology on endodontic failure. Literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2019;29(3):364–72. doi:10.4317/medoral.22907
Baruwa AO, Martins JNR, Meirinhos J, Pereira B, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA, et al. The Influence of Missed Canals on the Prevalence of Periapical Lesions in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study. J Endod. 2020;46(1):34-39. doi:10.1016/j. joen.2019.10.007
Gazzaneo I, Amoroso P, Pacheco J, Mdala I, Siqueira J, Rocâs I. Disinfecting and Shaping Type C-shaped Root Canals: A correlative Micro-computed Tomographic and Molecular Microbiology Study. J Endod. 2020;47(4):621- 630. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.007
Vaz de Azevedo KR, Lopes CB, Andrade RH, Pacheco da Costa FFN, Gonçalves LS, Medeiros Dos Santos R, Alves FRF. C-shaped canals in first and second mandibular molars from Brazilian individuals: A prevalence study using cone-beam computed tomography. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):0211948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211948
Melton D, Krell K, Fuller M. Anatomical and Histological Features of C-shaped Canals in Mandibular Second Molars. J Endod. 1991;17(8): 384-388. doi:10.1016/ S0099-2399(06)81990-4
Janani M, Rahimi S, Jafari F, Johari M, Nikniaz S GN. Anatomic Features of C-shaped Mandibular Second Molars in a Selected Iranian Population Using CBCT. Iran Endod J. 2018;13(1):120–5. doi: 10.22037/iej.v13i1.17286
Von Zuben M, Martins J, Berti L, Cassim I, Flynn D, Gonzales JA, Ginjeira A. Worldwide Prevalence of Mandibular Second Molar C-Shaped Morphologies Evaluated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic. J Endod. 2019;43(9):1442-1447. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.016
Burklein S, Heck R, Schafer E. Evaluation of the Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in a Selected German Population Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Data. J Endod. 2017;43(9):1448-1452. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.044
Aung NM, Myint KK. Diagnostic Accuracy of CBCT for Detection of Second Canal of Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Dent. 2021;(1107471). doi:10.1155/2021/1107471
Kalogeropoulos K, Xiropotamou A, Koletsi D, Tzanetakis GN. The Effect of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation on Treatment Planning after Endodontic Instrument Fracture. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 30;19(7):4088. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph19074088
Sherwood. A Deep Learning Approach to Segment and Classify C-Shaped Canal Morphologies in Mandibular Second Molars Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. J Endod. 2021;47(12):1907–16. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.009
Martins JNR, Mata A, Marques D, Anderson C, Caramês J. Prevalence and characteristics of the maxillary C-shaped molar. J Endod. 2016;42(3):383–9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.013
Fan B, Cheung GSP, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Bian Z. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part I - Anatomical features. J Endod. 2004;30(12):899– 903. doi: 10.1097/01.don.0000136207.12204.e4
Singh T, Kumari M, Kochhar R, Iqbal S. Prevalence of C-shaped canal and related variations in maxillary and mandibular second molars in the Indian Sub population: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis. J Conserv Dent. 2022. 25(5):531-535. doi: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_234_22
Buchanan D, Gamieldien Y, Fabris I, Van Schoor A, Uys
A. Investigation of mandibular second molar root and canal morphology in a Black South African population using cone-beam computed tomography and two classification system. J Oral Sci. 2023;65(4):226-231. doi:10.2334/josnusd.23-0123
Fenelon T, Parashos P. Prevalence and morphology of C-shaped and non-C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars. Aust Endod J. 2022; 67(1):65-75. doi:10.1111/adj.12925
Yang SE, Lee TY, Kim KJ. Prevalence and Morphology of C-Shaped Canals: A CBCT Analysis in Korean Population. Scanning. 2021 may 29; 2021:9152004. doi: 10.1155/2021/9152004
Peña F, Contreras J, Meléndez P. Prevalence and C-Shaped Root Canal Configuration in Lower Molars in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. J Oral Res. 2022;11(4):1–10. doi: 10.17126/joralres.2022.046
Shekarian M, Majlesi M, Zare Jahromi M. Prevalence of C-shaped canals and three-rooted mandibular molars in the Iranian population by using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2023;9(5):906–12. doi: 10.1002/cre2.787
Kim H-S, Jung D, Lee H, Han Y-S, Oh S, Sim H-Y. C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: a CBCT analysis. Restor Dent Endod. 2018;43(4):4–10. doi: 10.5395/ rde.2018.43.e42
Yang L, Han J, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yu X, Du Y. Variations of root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Chinese individuals: a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02299-8.
Martins JNR, Marques D, Silva EJNL, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Prevalence of C-shaped canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography – a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2019;52(11):1556– 72. doi: 10.1111/iej.13169
Kumar R, Tandon J, Jasrasaria N. Bilalteral Symmetry and anatomical root variations of mandibular second Molars in North Indian populations Using cone beam computed Tomography. J clin Exp Dent. 2023; 15(2):135-141. doi: 10.4317/jced.60063
Park JB, Kim N, Park S, Kim Y, Ko Y. Evaluation of root anatomy of permanent mandibular premolars and molars in a Korean population with cone-beam computed tomography. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(1):94-101.
Nejaim Y, Gomes AF, Rosado L de PL, Freitas DQ, Martins JNR, da Silva EJNL. C-shaped canals in mandibular molars of a Brazilian subpopulation: prevalence and root canal configuration using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(9):3299–305. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03207-6
Quijano S, García C, Ríos K, Ruiz V, Ruíz A. Sistema de conducto radicular en forma de C en segundas molares mandibulares evaluados por tomografía cone beam. Rev Estomatol Herediana. 2016;26(1):28-36.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Olga Arévalo Híjar, Armida Álvarez Montalván, Arnaldo Munive Méndez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) posterior al proceso de aprobación del manuscrito, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada.
