Non-conventional LPG and energy policy in Peru: a proposal to reach the energy last mile

Abstract

Access to energy in Peru remains a structural challenge linked not only to the availability of energy resources, but also to logistical, geographical, and institutional constraints. This article examines the limitations of the current Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) access model, particularly the LPG Voucher Program implemented under the Energy Social Inclusion Fund (FISE), whose primary focus has been subsidizing the purchase of LPG cylinders for household cooking purposes.

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of this subsidy scheme and to propose an alternative public policy approach aimed at expanding energy access in rural areas. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology based on statistical analysis and documentary review. The study draws upon statistical information from the Ministry of Energy and Mines, Osinergmin, and FISE, as well as specialized literature on energy poverty and energy subsidy policies.

The findings reveal that, despite increases in the subsidy value and the sustained growth in the number of beneficiaries, significant barriers continue to hinder effective access to LPG in rural areas. These barriers are primarily associated with high logistical costs and insufficient distribution infrastructure. In response, the article introduces the concept of non-conventional LPG, defined as a model in which the State finances strategic energy infrastructure while the private sector is responsible for the operation and commercialization of the service.

The study concludes that the implementation of this scheme could reduce access costs, improve energy distribution in underserved areas, and contribute to a more efficient, sustainable, and equitable public policy for addressing energy poverty in Peru.